Political reform represents a process of radical modification and development in the form of governance or social relations in the state within the framework of the existing political system, and with the available means. In other words, it means developing the efficiency and effectiveness of the political system in its environment, internally and externally, and in light of the fact that the Arab region is witnessing the highest state of division, whether in terms of economic resources, which makes it three groups, rentier, consumerist, and fragile; or on another level related to a unilateral tyrannical country and another aspiring for freedom. There are common factors and characteristics among these countries, which is represented by their inability to achieve the transition towards diversity, integration, pluralism, and acceptance of the other.
